Sunday 21 April 2013

AS Media Project "Clarity" Evaluation


In what ways does your media product use, develop or challenge forms and conventions of real media products? (i.e. of film openings)


We decided to use many codes and conventions of thriller films, such as quick cuts, creating an enigma, hand held shots, close up’s and over shoulder shots. Using these codes and conventions were essential, as, without them, our project would not be considered a thriller. However, we also developed and challenged forms and conventions of thrillers, in order for our product to be relevant and slightly different in order to attract our primary target audience of women between 18 and 24. Therefore, we used a female protagonist, which our target audience could connect with and admire. Using a female protagonist can be seen as developing the codes and conventions of a thriller, as although it is becoming a more common occurrence, it is still more recognized to have a male protagonist.

In addition, we filmed our product in daylight, rather than at night. We believed that this would create more suspense, as the audience would not be so used to this format as a thriller, leading to their senses being further heightened. 


How does your media product represent particular social groups?


My media product represents only one social group, young, independent business women. We managed to do this is many ways, such as casting. We chose a white British female, as our media product was meant to resemble a British film. She would then also represent young, white British women. We then carefully planned our protagonist’s costume to ensure that she looked like a business woman. We did this by using more mature and sophisticated clothing, such as smart black trousers, black heels and a black blazer. We also styled her hair in a classic up-do, adding red lipstick to give a more professional look to her character.

We further represented this social group by our use of props. Although we only used two props, the briefcase and a mobile phone, the style of these objects clearly indicate the professional side of our protagonist. For example, it would be more likely for a professional to be carrying a smart briefcase than the average person.

What kind of media institution might distribute your media product and why?


I believe that the kind of institution that might distribute my media product would be an independent label, focusing on a niche market. I believe this because it is a typically British film, including gritty roads and graffiti infested alleys, and so a major American company would not produce it. In addition, I believe that the institution would focus on a niche market as the fact that the protagonist is a female, especially in a British film, is less commonly found.

I created a media institution myself, “Golden Earring Productions” which is an independent label focusing on a niche market. We did this as we decided that our production group would produce only films including a female protagonist, rather than a male.


Who would be the audience for your media product?


The audience for our media product would be females between the ages of 18 and 24. We decided that this would be our primary target audience, as the use of a strong, independent female protagonist would appeal to females as they would idolize and admire the protagonist. This would also enable our target audience to connect with the protagonist, which would possibly ensure that they would then enjoy our product more.

However, we also believed that males would also enjoy our film, despite the fact that they are not our target audience. We suggested that this may be the case as a strong, independent female protagonist may also appeal largely to the male population, as they would admire this and possibly be attracted to this type of independence.

How did you attract/address your audience?


I addressed my audience through the female protagonist in my film. We did this by ensuring that although she appeared to be business-like and professional, she also appeared to look like the average person you could easily see walking down the street. This would enable our audience to connect with her character, and so attract them further to our opening.

I attracted the audience by the using of titles throughout the opening sequence of our thriller film, in order to receive their full attention. I also attracted my audience by my use of music. I did this by adding modern, upbeat music that also fitted with the genre of my product. As the music was modern, it would easily attract my target audience (18 to 24 year old women) as this could likely be along the lines of their music taste.

What have you learnt about technologies from the process of constructing this product?


From the process of constructing this product, I have learnt that technologies are only as good as the user. I learnt this very quickly, as I found filming very difficult due to the fact that never before have I used technological devices in such a way. I therefore found using the camera itself challenging, as well as ensuring that I used particular shot types to create my desired effect.

In addition to this, I have also realized how unreliable many forms of technology can be. For example, I often found that during filming my camera would run out of charge, creating issues as we had a certain time frame in which to finish our filming. Also, editing and exporting my final edit of my product proved challenging, as there were many issues with the computer network, meaning that the computer would often freeze and become barely usable. This made editing especially hard, as it became very difficult to cut scenes as often I could not watch my opening the whole way through in order to establish which parts I should cut, and which I should use.

However, despite these issues, I have learnt that technologies can be empowering and relatively easy to use as even I, an inexperienced technology user, managed to film and edit my own thriller opening. For example, I was able to create a loop on Garage band to use for the end credits in my product by simply dragging and dropping different aspects which I then made into one unanimous loop.

Looking back at your preliminary task (the continuity editing task), what do you feel you have learnt in the progression from it to full product?


Since completing my preliminary task, I feel that I have learnt many things from progression to the full product. My understanding of filming itself has improved rapidly, as I have learnt about techniques and rules that never before had I come across in any other situation, such as “crossing the line” and the importance of a wide variety of different shot types and the effects that they create. This was due to wider research and continuous practice when filming. As I would show my teacher my work, he could comment and offer advice on a regular basis, pointing out any issues that must be reconsidered or changed. For example, my first day of filming that I had done was later re-filmed as I had not changed the camera’s automatic white balance setting, which if left unnoticed, would have resulted in my film appearing off colour and unprofessional.

In addition to this, I have also learnt how to manage my time, as this soon proved essential when starting my product. I created a Gantt chart in order to help me plan how long to spend on each section of my product, in order to ensure that I did not fall behind or leave anything until the last minute. I have also learnt that it is essential to ensure that all work is done, as other members of teams cannot always prove reliable. In my group, my other member was not very committed to our project, resulting in myself doing the majority of the filming and all of the editing. This had a large impact on my work, as I struggled to manage to complete each section of the project.

Thursday 11 April 2013

Our production group for our film

Golden Earring Productions

Our production group specialises in more modern films, including a female protagonist rather than a male. These protagonists are always objects of aspiration rather than desire, giving the films created a more "die-hard" and serious tone. Our production group specialises in thriller films, yet also produces many other genres, such as horror and fantasy. However, romances and romantic comedies are not included as this would go against the idea of a strong, female protagonist who would rely on nobody but herself.

By doing this, we would create films that would appeal to a large female audience, as the idea of an independent leading female would create feelings of empowerment and independence. These films would also however appeal to males, as the idea of an independent female would be respected and admired. In addition, simply the fact that these type of films are not a rarity but often less common would interest many people.

Examples of films similar to those that our production group would produce

  • The Hunger Games
  • The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo
  • Lara Croft
  • Kill Bill
  • Pulp Fiction

Tuesday 12 March 2013

Institutions and audiences research

Institutions

20th Century Fox

  • film corporation which is one of the six major film studios.
  • founded in 1904 in New York City by William fox, a 25 year old Jewish Hungarian immigrant.
  • subsidiary of News Corporation which is/was owned by Rupert Murdoch.
  • Produced some very successful films, e.g. Avatar, Star Wars, Speed and The Chronicles of Narnia.
  • Mostly create comedy and family films as these are more profitable, such as Alvin and The Chipmunks. However, they also create horror films, such as "From Hell".
  • They also create thrillers, such as new release "A Good Day to Die Hard".

Warner Bros.

  • founded in 1923
  • American producer of film, television and music entertainment.
  • a subsidiary of Time Warner
  • has many of its own subsidiaries, such as Warner Bros. Studios, Warner Bros. Pictures, Warner Bros. Animation and Warner Home Video.
  • produced many recent films, such as "Beautiful Creatures" and "The Hangover Part 111" as well as well-known films, such as "The Dark Knight Rises" and "Red Dust". 
  • it is a fully-integrated, broad-based, entertainment company and a global leader in the creation, production, distribution, licensing and marketing of all forms of entertainment and their related businesses.
  • Warner Bros. either fully finance or co-finance the films it produces and maintains worldwide distribution rights.
  • Monetizes its distribution and marketing operations by distributing films that are totally financed and produced by third parties.

Hammer Films

  • a film production company based in the UK, founded in 1934.
  • a hugely successful run of Gothic monster movies cemented the company's reputation as "Hammer House of Horror".
  • although it focuses mainly on horror films, it also has a varied history, including noir, action-adventure movies, psychological thrillers and historical epics.
  • worldwide smash "The Woman in Black" was produced by Hammer Films, and is now up for 2 Empire awards.
  • This company is noticeably smaller in comparison to the above American companies, and tends to produce more individual films while the American institutions (Warner Bros. and 21st Century Fox) tend to produce more mainstream films.

Audiences

As the audience of any film is perhaps the most important aspect that will constitute the film's success, it is vital that I research the target audience of thriller films and relate it to my own film. This will be essential in ensuring that my film is successful in entertaining and enticing the audience.

Audiences of thrillers are not simply a certain age group, or gender, but also a certain type of personality. Those who watch thrillers tend to be:
  •  individuals who could be considered "risk takers" 
  • those who are educated (as there is usually an enigma which the individual works out independently while watching the film)
  • people who enjoy suspense and tension within films

As we have decided that our thriller film would be primarily be aimed at a target audience of females aged between 18 and 24, we conducted interviews of people in this demographic. This would enable us to gain an insight into what our film should include and offer the audience in order for our film opening to be effective.

Hannah Duffin - 19 year old female


Gantt Chart

I have created this gantt chart (as seen below) in order to ensure that I complete all tasks set by the deadline. This will help me to manage my time and ensure that I can make any last minute changes and resolve issues. The use of this gantt chart is essential as they are used to break up large projects, such as creating a film opening into smaller, more manageable tasks. As the columns on the right suggest the week in which each task should be completed it puts the tasks into a chronological order, making completion deadlines easier to follow. In addition, by creating the gantt chart it becomes apparent that I, as an individual, understand the requirements of this project, meaning that it will be completed successfully.



Friday 8 March 2013

Location Recce

We created a recce for each location that we shot our film in, in order establish whether the location was suitable for the event and if using the venue was likely to create any additional potential problems or additional costs.





Wednesday 6 March 2013

Photographs while shooting

Informing the actress used (Georgia Milkins) of where to position herself in order for filming to commence.

The actress walking away from the bus stop and towards Victoria Road bridge.


Ready to begin filming the actress walking off the bus at the bus stop.

The actress turning to look the opposite direction due to what has been said during a phone call.
The actress adding the finishing touches to costume in order to begin filming of the opening scene.

Storyboard of our film


Before shooting or planning on location, we decided to storyboard what we intended to shoot as a guideline for shot types and positioning of actors and props. This helped us greatly when planning our filming, as the guideline proved useful when deciding where actors should be positions and what shots should be used to create the appropriate effects.


The first page of our storyboard
The second page of our storyboard
The third and final page of our storyboard

When we began filming, it soon became apparent that we would have to change our original plan, as we found many errors with our original story board. The largest error that soon became visible once we had began filming was the lack of close ups and medium close ups. We decided that there needed to be much more of these as they create tension, vital in ensuring that the audience know that they are watching a thriller. It is also important as our opening contains no dialogue, so close ups would be the only indication as to the emotion of the protagonist and also highlighting important areas of filming, for example, the importance of the briefcase.

In addition, we had originally planned to shoot the beginning half of our film opening in Bristol city centre, and the second half in Warmley, distinguishing between the two using shots of the protagonist on a bus. However, after shooting the end of our film first, we soon realised that filming in the city centre would be very complex for a number of reasons, including the fact that it would be busy and so passers by would constantly obstruct our filming. Also, we realised that if our camera were to run out of power, charging it would be an issue. This would not be so if we were filming in Warmley, as we could return home and charge it before continuing. This would reduce the risk of us getting behind on our filming schedule as we would not have to stop filming for the whole day if the camera were to run out of power.

Below is our second storyboard.

The first page of our storyboard

The second page of our storyboard

The third page of our storyboard

The fourth and final page of our storyboard



Monday 4 March 2013

Actors, locations, costumes and props

Actor

Name: Georgia Milkins
D.O.B: 27/06/96
Sex: Female

Locations

  • Inside a bus on the downstairs floor. The protagonist (the woman) will be sat two rows in front of the person filming.

  • Victoria Road bridge where the protagonist will leave the briefcase at the end of the opening
  • Bus stop where the protagonist will exit the bus and proceed to Victoria Road bridge

  • Bus stop where the protagonist will get on the bus with the briefcase

  • Pavements along the main road in between the bus stop in which the protagonist will exit and the Victoria Road bridge


  • Coniston Close lane where the protagonist will collect the briefcase ensuring that their identity remains unknown.


Costume

  • Blazer
  • Smart trousers
  • White floral blouse
  • Red lipstick
  • Classic up-do for hair 
  • Black high heels
Georgia Milkins wearing her costume to begin filming, as described above. This costume, which makes the character appear to be relatively formal creates a binary opposition with the location, making the audience question what she would be doing in such an area.


Props

  • Briefcase

  • Mobile phone (black iPhone 4)


Shotlist


  • Over shoulder shot - when following the woman through town
Example of over shoulder shot

  • Close up - woman's legs as she reaches down to pick up the briefcase, woman's head as she walks towards the stairs on the bus, woman getting off the bus.
Example of close up

  • Mid shot - woman walking away from bridge with briefcase, when follower hides behind pillar and woman turns around, woman getting on the bus, woman walking down a road to a small lane.
Example of mid shot

  • Long shot - woman walking along the opposite side of the pavement, woman walking on to a bridge.
Example of long shot

  • Medium close up - back of woman's head as the camera is following her closely.
Example of medium close up

  • Medium long shot - woman sat three rows ahead of the follower on the bus.
Example of medium long shot

  • Big close up - woman's face as she is on the phone, briefcase alone on the bridge.
Example of big close up

  • Panning shot - follower looks where woman is looking and nothing is there.
Example of panning shot (would be moving)

My shortlist I have created

I have created the shortlist below to use while filming my thriller opening in order to ensure that I film all the relevant shots and also to make sure that I do not miss any shots, later realise and then have to re-film. I can then tick the "complete" column when each shot has been completed so that I know what still needs to be done and where I am at with my filming.


Who is our target audience?

Based on the content of our thriller opening, and the fact that it is a thriller, we have decided that our primary target audience would be female adults aged 18 to 24 as we have used a strong, female protagonist, similar to more recent thriller films. As the female protagonist is not an object of male desire but an object of female aspiration, it would thoroughly appeal to women.

 However, we have also discussed the idea that many thrillers can be enjoyed by people of all ages. Therefore, we believe that we also have a secondary target audience of all people above the age of our primary target audience, and also males as the idea of a strong, independent female protagonist may also appeal to them. Despite discussing the idea that individuals of all ages can enjoy thriller films, we also decided that perhaps this could exclude elderly people above 80, as they may not enjoy the use of quick cuts and obtrusive editing as this would alarm them. However, this would depend on the personality of the individual and also their state of health.

We have researched further into the target audiences of other thriller films, and concluded that thrillers can be aimed at many different audiences depending on the thriller itself and the sub-genre.

For example
Silence of the Lambs can be considered by many as one of the best thrillers of recent times, and is rated an 18 as it contains explicit content. Also, as there may be scenes of violence, it can be argued that the target audience of this film would be males. However, due to the fact that children in the UK are brought up to be independent and strong-willed, this film may also aim to target females as well as males as they may have adapted many more supposedly masculine traits following the ever-increasing equality and status between men and women in recent years.




Se7en is another example of a thriller, but this time a crime thriller, meaning that the target audience may again be slightly different. It may contain less, more or an equal amount of explicit content, yet it would be considered by many to have an older target audience. This would be because it is a crime thriller, meaning that viewers must have an understanding of laws as well as the ability to follow the story line and attempt to work out the enigma created. However, some may argue that this only has partly to do with age, and also includes factors such as the intelligence and personality of the audience. For example, a less educated individual may find it harder to follow a complicated story line, whereas a well-educated individual may not only be able to follow the story line, but find it intoxicating.




Sunday 3 March 2013

How do I intend to use and abuse the codes and conventions of the thriller?

When creating our thriller opening, we are going to stick to many of the stereotypical codes and conventions of the thriller. However, we are going to add a slight twist. After having researched the codes and conventions of thrillers, I have come to a conclusion as to what I am going to do with them for my target audience (women aged 18 to 24).

Throughout our film, we will use many codes and conventions commonly found in a thriller, such as:
  • Quick cuts
  • Obtrusive editing
  • Creating an enigma
  • Hand held shots
  • Close up's
  • Over shoulder shots
We will use these to create suspense and, quite simply, to ensure that our film is successful. As, for example, a thriller film without an enigma would be boring and the audience would not feel so involved, meaning they would be less effected in terms of heightened senses. 

From the very beginning of our film, we aim to create an enigma in the form of the briefcase. We will do this by taking close-up's of the woman picking up the briefcase, which will have been placed in an unknown area and collected by the character without having being given any dialogue. This will enable the audience to begin questioning the motive of the woman, why she has the briefcase, what is in the briefcase and where she is going. The creation of the enigma is essential in our film, as we plan to have no dialogue throughout and so the audience must remain interested without it. 

The use of quick cuts and obtrusive editing in our film will be critical, as we plan to film a woman being followed, and so "jumpy" editing will enable us to create the illusion that the woman is quickly being followed, not only by a member of the public but an expert. In addition, if the editing is fast-paced for someone being followed, it gives the idea that there is a "race against time" or that the matter is serious rather than leisurely. This creates suspense and also leads the audience to questioning where the character has to be, what they are doing and why they are being followed.

The use of over shoulder shots also create the illusion that someone is being followed, but also the idea that the person being followed does not realise this. This will be critical for our piece. As we aim to illustrate the idea that the woman does not know she is being followed, we will also use some handheld shots in order to create the idea that the person following her is doing so secretly, with motive. We will also use many close up's, which will be used to both determine the emotions being experienced by the woman while she is being followed, but also to reinforce the idea that the woman is being watched secretly, and so is a distance away.

However, we will also abuse the codes and conventions of a thriller in order to ensure that our piece is more modern and relevant to the ever changing media scene. Firstly, the idea that we are using a woman to be followed goes against typical stereotypes, as it would often be considered that a man was powerful, cautious and in control - rather than a woman. The woman will also be carrying a briefcase, an accessory which would stereotypically be associated with males.

We will represent the protagonist in our film opening, the woman, as strong and independent and an object of female aspiration rather than of male desire. We will do this in many ways, the first being the use of costume. As she will be wearing a smart outfit, including black trousers, a blazer, a classic up-do and immaculate makeup, the audience will view her as a successful, powerful woman, as the costume used will create the illusion of status and power. 

In addition, we plan to do all of our filming in daylight. This means no shadows, no dark alleyways... features often found in a thriller film. By doing this, we believe that it can, in some ways, create more suspense as the audience would not be so used to this format for a thriller, meaning their senses would be further heightened as they attempt to work out what should happen next. In addition, by filming in daylight around other people, the film will appear more realistic, and the woman carrying the suitcase will seem more suspicious and mysterious when surrounded by "normal" people in a "normal" area. This will engage the audience and make them further question the intentions of the woman. 

In conclusion, we are aiming to stick to the codes and conventions of the thriller in order to ensure that our thriller opening is successful, however, we also aim to go against some of the codes and conventions, such as having a strong, powerful man as the protagonist and filming in the dark using alleyways and shadows. By doing this, we believe that it makes our thriller opening more modern and up-to-date with the current media scene. This is essential as we do not want out film to look dated or irrelevant. 

Thriller Opening Analysis

Thriller opening analysis 

The Maltese Falcon

  • Warner Bros
  • Black and white
  • Shadows
  • Title and establishing shots at beginning
  • Man rolling cigarette
  • Woman dressed formally, a dress, hat etc.
  • Woman asking for help from man
  • Men smoking
  • Urban city
  • In a dark office
  • Orchestral music - somber, sets a serious mood
This film noir opening is a stereotypical thriller opening, and does not challenge the codes and conventions of thrillers, as it sticks to what would be considered the classic codes and conventions of a thriller film. For example, there are many examples of shadows, dark rooms and orchestral music is used.

In addition, it includes typical stereotypes, such as men rolling cigarettes and smoking them and women wearing formal clothing, including dresses and hats. However, this could also be because the film is not as modern as other thriller openings that I have studied, as it was released in 1941.

We noticed that an enigma is created while the detective is talking to the woman in his office, as she asks them to track down a man she believes that her sister has ran away with. She adds that she has not talked to her sister for a considerable amount of time, leaving the audience to question where her sister is, why she ran away and if the man she has run away with had harmed her. This creates a question to be answered for the oncoming film.





Se7en 

  • Dark room
  • Ticking noise
  • Background voices and noise when in quiet room.. as if these are someone's thoughts
  • Shadows
  • Strange music
  • Photographs
  • Obtrusive editing
  • Quick cuts
  • Flickering images
  • Titles look "wonky" and as though they were hand written
This thriller opening uses many of the stereotypical codes and conventions of the thriller, such as the use of shadows, photographs and quick cuts. The opening creates an enigma, by showing the audience someone working, which would appear to be "evil" or simply negative, yet not revealing their identity. This therefore leads to the audience questioning who they are watching and why they are doing the things that they are doing. However, the opening does not use orchestral music as many other thriller openings do, the music included is low pitched "scratchy" noises, creating suspense. At the end of the opening, lyrical music is also played for a short time, this is done for effect as it becomes the climax to the suspense already created by the music prior to this.

The obtrusive editing and quick cuts used enable suspense to be built, as they make the audience feel claustrophobic and their attention is quickly drawn to the text as it is fast-moving and paced. This pace ensures that the audience remains interested and feels involved with the film, keeping them "on the edge of their seat", critical in a thriller. The use of flickering images is also interesting, as it brings negative connotations (something being faulty, not correct, broken, old) and therefore creates the idea that what you are watching is a negative act. This is later reinforced by the use of imagery.



"Parity" AS Media Thriller Opening

  • Orchestral music
  • Quick cuts - beginning from black screen to close up of face
  • Flashbacks
  • Titles fade in and out
  • Titles in a font that appears "scratchy" or handwritten
This thriller opening, created by another AS Media class, uses many codes and conventions of the thriller. They have used orchestral music at the beginning, to create atmosphere when the close up of the face occurs. They have also used flashbacks, such as when the boy looks in the mirror, this gives the audience a further insight into what had previously happened, and if often designed to give information that doesn't "quite fit" in order to leave an air of mystery. 

We also notice that the titles both before and after the film fade in and out with a circular spotlight, drawing the viewers attention to the text. However, this could also have been done to imitate the sight of a gun, as although the murder weapon in the film is not a gun, the use of this sight has connotations of weaponry and danger as a result of being used in James Bond films. The idea that the titles also appear in a font that is scratchy and handwritten creates the idea that it is an intimate film, rather than being commercialised and digitalised. It also suits the genre of the thriller well as it promotes the idea that the film is dangerous but also mysterious.

In addition, we notice that the opening creates an enigma right at the end, with the only piece of dialogue included, "today I killed a man. Yesterday, a man was reborn". This enables the audience to question why he killed someone, why this made him feel "reborn" and also if he would do it again. This therefore is a successful thriller opening as it creates an enigma to be answered for the rest of the oncoming film.


Monday 28 January 2013

General Research

Research

Genre

  • revolves around anticipation and suspense, created to keep the audience alert and on the edge of their seats. 
  • heavily stimulates the viewer's moods, giving them a high level of anticipation, ultra-heightened expectation, uncertainty, surprise, anxiety and horror.
  • adrenaline filled and fast paced 
  • villain driven plot - obstacles "hero" must overcome, this is usually a main event which creates tension throughout the film, ending with a stressful climax

Codes & Conventions

  • mirrors - represent darkness within characters
  • shadows
  • low key lighting
  • flashbacks - can give audience an insight into characters' pasts, creates mystery?
  • disorientation of time and space
  • use of photographs
  • alleyways 

Technical Construction

Camera

  • close-up's - shows character's emotions 
  • over shoulder shots - feels like character is being followed, feel the need for the character to turn around and so involves them
  • handheld shot - audience connects with character and feels as in they are "in their shoes", makes it feel as though they are in the film themselves
  • high angles - make someone appear vulnerable and weak, especially when used in conjunction to a low angle 
  • point of view shot - see what character sees, creating empathy/connection

Editing

  • quick cuts - accentuate the feeling of suspense and tension 
  • obtrusive editing 
  • montage editing as this uses close-ups, relatively frequent cuts, dissolves, 
  • black and white e.g. "Psycho" by Alfred Hitchcock 

Narrative

Character

  • protagonist - commonly ordinary citizens accustomed to danger. Traditionally men, but women protagonists are becoming increasingly more common.
  • antagonist - opposes the protagonist, the "bad guy"